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Hysterectomy refers to the surgical procedure that involves the removal of the uterus. This procedure can be performed for various medical reasons, including the treatment of conditions like uterine fibroids, endometriosis, abnormal bleeding, or cancer. The uterus, as a vital part of the female reproductive system, plays a central role in menstruation and pregnancy. When it's removed, the reproductive capabilities are permanently altered.

The other options describe different medical procedures. For instance, visual viewing of the urethra is known as urethroscopy, and visual viewing of the bladder is called cystoscopy. The surgical removal of the cervix is referred to as a cervical conization or, in certain contexts, a hysterectomy could also encompass cervical removal, but this option specifically pertains to the cervix rather than the uterus as a whole. Thus, the definition of hysterectomy aligns clearly with the surgical removal of the uterus.